Table of Contents

Workshop Network

Subject Page

Workshop Network.3

Vehicle Bus Systems.3

Workshop Local Area Network (LAN) .4

Network Structure.5

Network Connections .6

Accessing Configuration Information .8

Workshop Layout.10

Workshop Network Components.12

Access Point .12

Wall Jack .12

CAT 5 Ethernet Cable .12

Switched Hub.12

Server.12

Common Terminology .13

Network .13

Local Area Network (LAN) .13

Ethernet .13

Ethernet Cable (CAT 5).13

RJ-45 Connectors.13

Wall Jack .13

Switched HUB.14

Network Server.14

Automatic/Online Updates .14

Access Point.14

Interface Name .15

IP Address .15

IP Subnet Mask.15

Gateway .16

Initial Print Date: 2/06

Revision Date:

Workshop Network

Model: All

Production: All

After completion of this module you will be able to:

• Identify the equipment used in the workshop network

• Determine what components make up a workshop network

• Understand the terminology used with regard to networks and configurations

2

Workshop Network

Workshop Network

As the level of technology in our vehicles continues to increase so does the level of tech¬
nology that we use in our diagnostic and programming equipment within the workshop.

In order to meet the ever growing demand for more rapid transfer of information we can
no longer have multiple “stand alone” systems, therefore various infrastructures have
been created to allow multiple “stand alone” devices/systems to interact with each other
to share information.

The sharing of information with various control modules in our vehicles has been occur¬
ring for quite some time, now we will also be doing this with the diagnostic equipment in
the workshop as well.

Vehicle Bus Systems

In order to make the components used in our vehicles more efficient we utilize bus
structures (commonly referred to as 1-Bus, K-Bus, D-Bus, DS2-Bus Byteflight, PT-CAN,
etc.). By using bus structures in vehicles, we can accelerate communication between
several different control modules.

Many common vehicle systems (such as entertainment, safety, powertrain, etc.) are
“stand alone” systems but also require information from other modules/systems in order
to be more efficient. In order to obtain the required information the systems must also
be able to simultaneously communicate without interfering with each other, which is
accomplished by using various bus structures.

Example:

The PDC receives information on vehicle
speed from the ABS/ASC/DSC control
unit.

To receive this signal, it is transmitted from:

• ABS/ASC/DSC control unit to the IKE
via the CAN-Bus,

• IKE control unit to the PDC control
unit via the K-Bus splice (inside the
BC1) control unit.

The workshop network operates in a
similar fashion.

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3

Workshop Network

Workshop Local Area Network (LAN)

A network is nothing more than a group of devices interconnected so that they can com¬
municate with each other. A LAN is a network that is localized to a specific area, such as
a workshop or office.

The bus systems (1-Bus, K-Bus, PT-CAN, D-Bus,...) that we have been using in our vehi¬
cles for quite sometime, are nothing more than networks with different configurations.

Workshop Network

All workshops are currently equipped with a GT1, DISplus, SSS, Diagnostic Head,
Access Point, desktop computer(s) and printer(s) which can be considered as satellite
components (control modules/sensors).

In order for these components to communicate with each other, either directly or
indirectly, they must be interconnected via a cable/wire to a common point or switching
device. Consider the switching device/hub to be similar to the IKE, which monitors all
devices connected to it and allows the devices to communicate with each other. The
interconnection of these devices results in the establishment of a network localized to
the workshop area thereby establishing a Local Area Network (LAN) in the workshop.

4

Workshop Network

Network Structure

By having the workshop configured to allow the various devices used on a daily basis to
be interconnected/networked with each other, as indicated in the illustration, additional
components can easily be added and online updates can automatically be installed on all
connected devices, as long as they have an approved IP address.

The network that exist in the workshop is not much different than the network structure
that is used in our vehicles. In order for control modules to communicate with each other
they must be correctly identified.

The identification process can be considered to occur as part of the coding procedure
which is done at the end of the assembly process or at anytime a new component/mod¬
ule/system is added to the vehicle. By not recoding the vehicle after adding or removing
a module/system, the communication on a particular bus can be hampered.

This is especially true:

• If a response form a module that is no longer installed is expected

• If a new module transmits data that is not expected by anyone else on the bus
because it is not correctly identified

The VO for a vehicle can be considered to contain the IP addresses of the modules
installed in the vehicle.

If the devices on the workshop network do not have a rigidly assigned IP address, online
updates to specific devices can not occur. The operation/performance of a network can
be greatly hampered if multiple devices share an address, since the transmitted data is not
able to reach the correct device, it can result in jamming up the operation of the network.

5

Workshop Network

Network Connections

When establishing a network which will utilize multiple access terminals/jacks it is
recommended that the jacks and cables attached to the specific jacks are numbered
and that the corresponding end of the cable that connects to the router/switched hub
should be numbered as well.

Example: The illustration below shows a basic network structure with no miscella¬

neous devices connected, other than a Server and Switched Hub.

The cables running to/from the Switched Hub are all numbered on both
ends to make troubleshooting the network easier in the event of a problem
with the cabling, wall jack or Switched Hub connections.

Not having the cable and wall jacks number would be like trying to
troubleshoot a problem with an electrical circuit in the vehicle where all
the wires are the same color and the components connected have no
pin assignments.

Network Connections

6

Workshop Network

Once additional devices are connected it becomes very important that the configuration
information (IP Address, Gateway Address, Subnet Mask and Device Name) is entered
correctly for each device that is connected to the network. Each device must be assigned
a specific/unique IP Address.

It is very important that the IP address not be shared by multiple devices located on the
network, as this can result in “Locking-up” the network, which can have a detrimental
effect on any control module(s) being programmed or coded.

7

Workshop Network

Accessing Configuration Information

-DISplus&GTI

Administration System configuration

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The screen now displays the network config¬
uration information for the device being used
DISplus/GTI.

8

Workshop Network

Select “Diagnostic Head”

Select “Free diagnostic heads”

NOTE: In order for an interface to be

displayed it must be connected
to a vehicle and the ignition
turned on.

Network configuration information for the
selected interface is displayed.

Example: A red color band will be assigned
to this interface once “OK” is selected

9

Workshop Network

Workshop Layout

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Workshop Network

Workshop Layout Legend

Device #

Device Name/Description

1

Software Service Station (SSS)

2

Network Printer

3

Switched Hub (Cisco Switch WS C2950-24)

4

BMW Network

5

GT1

6

Wall Jack/Ethernet Connection point to workshop Network

7

Access Point

8

Deutronic Automatic Battery Charger

9

OPS

10

Workshop PC

11

DISplus

12

OPS Head

13

Diagnostic Head

14

Network Server

11

Workshop Network

Workshop Network Components

A LAN currently exists in all workshops to allow the diagnostic equipment (DISplus, GT1,
SSS, OPPS, OPS & Diagnostic Head) to communicate with each other. In order to suc¬
cessfully diagnose, code and program a vehicle, it is required to have all equipment con¬
nected to the workshop network.

Access Point

Allows direct wireless access to LAN for GT1 and
Diagnostic Head or Diagnostic head establishes
connection to LAN via wireless communication and
thereby can be connected to DISplus or GT1, which
are connected to LAN

Access point is connected directly to LAN. Symbol -
Model Spectrum 24/AP 3020-100

Wall Jack

Connection point for devices such as GT1, DISplus,
Access Point, SSS, Diagnostic Head, OPPS/OPS
Head, Printer and Network Server to Switched Router
via RJ45 cable.

CAT 5 Ethernet Cable

Used to establish a connection between:

• Wall jack and Switched Router/Hub

• Wall jack and devices such as GT1, DISplus,
Access Point, SSS, Diagnostic Head, OPPS/OPS
Head and Network Server.

Switched Hub

LAN switched distribution hub for all devices connected
to the network. Routes communication telegrams /
messages to specific devices from specific devices.
Allows multiple devices to communicate with each
other without reducing data transfer rate.

Cisco Switch WS-C2950-24

Server

Central computer which controls interface/communi¬
cation between all devices on the Workshop LAN and
communication to external networks and internet.
Keystone device for network operation along with
switch/router.

12

Workshop Network

Common Terminology

Network

A group of computers that are interconnected with each other and able to communicate
with each other either by transferring data via a wired or wireless connection.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A network that exists within a specific area.

Example: By having all computers, testers and printers in the workshop

interconnected results in a Workshop LAN.

Ethernet

The term Ethernet is a communications protocol used to define a method & speed by
which interconnected devices are able to communicate with each other by either a wired
(twisted pair) or fiberoptic connection.

Common Ethernet communication protocol terms:

lOBaseT - Able to transmit data at a rate of 10Mbps for a maximum distance

of 100 meters per segment.

100BaseT - Able to transmit data at a rate of 100Mbps for a maximum distance

of 1000 meters per segment.

The speed differences are obtained by modifying the method of encoding the data to be
transferred. The maximum distance consist of the distance from switched hub to wall jack
plus length of cable used to connect a particular device. The greater the distance the
greater the chance of signal loss/disturbance.

Ethernet Cable (CAT 5)

A standard used to define an 8 wire cable (4 twisted pair) that is commonly used to inter¬
connect various computers in the establishment of an ethernet network. Certified to
transmit data at a maximum rate of 100Mbps.

RJ-45 Connectors

The plastic connectors at the end of a CAT 5 cable, used to connect the cable to
device/computer, wall jack and hub.

Wall Jack

Accepts RJ-45 connectors when connecting devices to the network. Connection point
for devices like DISplus, GT1, SSS, Diagnostic Head, workshop computers and printer.

Recommendation is that outlet/jack is numbered and the corresponding end of the ether-
net cable connected to the switched hub is numbered as well, to assist in troubleshoot¬
ing in the event of a problem.

Example: A wall jack outlet is labeled as #1 the other end of the cable at the hub

should also be labeled #1.

13

Workshop Network

Switched HUB

Allows multiple devices to send information over the network at the same time without
slowing down the communication process. A switched hub essentially isolates the two
devices that are communicating, thereby providing each component on the network a
separate connection at the maximum data transfer rate of the network.

Example: A switched HUB is similar to the use of cloverleafs on the highway ; traffic

does not need to stop if a change in direction needs to be made, plus
traffic flows smoothly from point to point.

A regular HUB does not provide each component with a separate connection point to
the network but rather a shared connection point. By sharing a connection point the
data transfer rate of the network is reduced when multiple devices try to communicate.

Example: A regular HUB is similar to the use of a 4 way intersection, the smaller the

amount of traffic using the intersection the quicker a car can go through
the intersection and reach its desired destination. The greater the traffic
the longer it will take for a car to reach its desired destination.

The switched hub installed as part of the workshop wiring project is a Cisco WS-C2950-24.

Network Server

A computer that provides information/data to other computers located on the network.

A server allows computers on its network to access information on another network,
such as the internet. The server is the keystone device that allows computers on its
specific network to access information on another network.

As an example a server can obtain and distribute software updates to all computers
located on its network, instead of having to physically install the updates to each
computer individually.

Automatic/Online Updates

The ability to connect the network server to the BMW server and check for new software
updates (Diagnostic, Coding & Programming data) then downloads the information to all
computers/equipment located on the network automatically at a specific time.

Example: New updates can be installed on SSS, GT1 and DISplus overnight in

order to have latest data available the next morning.

The application that performs online updates is referred to as JETstream.

Access Point

The access point is a wireless communication device that is able to establish a wireless
connection with a GT1 and/or a diagnostic head and allows them to communicate with
other devices on the network.

Manufactured by Symbol - Model Spectrum 24 /AP 3020-100

14

Workshop Network

Interface Name

The specific name assigned to the device (Ex. Diagnostic Head Blue A)

IP Address

It is a unique four segment number used to identify a specific device located on a specific
network. The number represents the address of the device on the network and is neces¬
sary when communicating with other devices located on the network.

Example: 92.168.100.10

Usually the first three segments are used to identify the network and the
last segment identifies the device. The IP Subnet Mask information gener¬
ally defines which segments are needed to identify the network and which
identify the device.

In order for a devices on the network to communicate with other devices on the network
it must know the addresses of those devices. If a print command is sent from a computer
to a printer on the network, the command must be addressed specifically to the desired
printer.

Example: An IP address is no different than your home address, in order to receive a

letter specifically directed to you, your name and address must be correctly
displayed on the letter.

IP addresses are assigned by the network administrator/provider and are rigidly assigned
to the device(s) located within the workshop network, by entering it into the device during
the initial setup.

IP Subnet Mask

This information is used to define which segment(s) of the four segment IP address
specifically identifies the device and which identify the specific network.

Example: 255.255.255.0

Indicates that the first three segments (255.255.255) identify the specific
network that the device is located on. The last segment (0) indicates that
this is the segment that will identify the specific device.

15

Workshop Network

Gateway

This information identifies the four segment address of the component located on the
network responsible for communicating from the current network to another network.
If there is no address in this location then a connection to any devices outside of the
current network can not be established.

Note: The network and device address information must be entered exactly
as defined by the network administrator for your facility, otherwise the
devices can not be accessed.

16

Workshop Network