Table of Contents E88 Complete Vehicle Subject Page Introduction .5 Body.7 Body Dimensions.7 Dimensional Variations Between the E88 and E93.8 Dimensional Variations Between the E88 and E46/C.8 Bodyshell.9 Exterior Sill/Rocker Structure .13 Partition Wall Module.14 Strut Brace Concept .15 Front Section Body work .16 Interior Features.17 Doors and Side Panels.17 Shared Door Design for the E88/E82 .17 Dashboard Module .18 Luggage Compartment .19 Volume/loading.19 Convertible Top.20 Top Opening and Closing Procedure .22 Layout of the Hydraulic Control Unit .23 Top Storage Compartment Cover .24 System Components .25 Convertible Top.25 Position Sensors and Microswitches.25 Convertible Top Module (CVM).32 Controls for Operation.33 Convertible Top Hydraulic Circuit Components.34 Electrical Hydraulic Control Unit .35 Windshield Cowl Locking System.37 System Functions.41 Prerequisites for Opening and Closing the Top .41 Top Opening Sequence .42 Comfort Operation.42 Check Control Messages.43 Initial Print Date: 3/08 Revision Date: 04/08 Subject Page Service Information.45 Service Notes .45 Diagnostic Notes .45 Encoding/Programming Notes.46 Window Adjustments.46 Positions for the Convertible Top Diagnosis .46 Emergency Operation .53 Rollover Protection System.61 Bus System Overview.63 Vehicle Systems Network .63 General Vehicle Electrical System .67 Central Locking System .67 Anti-theft Alarm System .67 Audio and Communication Systems.71 USB/audio Interface .71 Antenna Systems .71 AM/FM Antennas.72 Antennas for Digital Receivers.73 Antennas for Telephone and Telematics .74 Telematics Antenna.74 SOS Antenna .75 Bluetooth Antenna.75 GPS Antenna.75 E88 Antenna Circuit Diagram.76 Passive Safety Systems.79 Advanced Crash and Safety Management.79 E88 Passive Safety System Circuit Diagram.80 Front Seats Air Bags.82 Seat Position Sensors .82 Retraction Tensioner and Adaptive Belt-load Limiter.84 Component Location.87 Subject Page Complete Vehicle Model: E88 Production: 3/2008 After completion of this module you will be able to: • Identify the different features of the E88 BMW 1 Series • Diagnose and service the E88 Convertible Top • Identify the components that make up the E88 Convertible Top • Explain the operation of the E88 Convertible Top 4 E88 Complete Vehicle Introduction Similar to the legendary BMW 2002, the 1 Series inspires feelings of nostalgia. With the innovations in automotive technology and safety along with the experience gath¬ ered over the many years of vehicle devel¬ opment, one can only imagine the car that BMW would build today in honor of such automotive legacy. Inspired by past 2002 models of the sixties and seventies BMW has designed a vehicle combining rear-wheel-drive, excellent handling and powerful engines with the stiffest and lightest bodyshell possible along with accommodations for four. The 1 Series Coupe picks up where the 2002 left off. With the 1 Series convertible, BMW succeeded in taking the typical sports coupe to the next level. To the already fun inspiring and performance oriented theme of the E82, designers added the free spirited look and feel that all past BMW convertibles models share. Both the E88 and E82 vehicles will be available as 128i and 135i. The E88’s design was influenced by the E93, both cars share similar features and systems. Although they are both convertibles, the difference between the E93 and E88 is mainly that the E93 is considered a retractable hardtop convertible and the E88 is a soft top design. There are also noticeable differences in the exterior, interior and in the luggage compartment. The front bodywork, rear section, doors and bumpers have been adapted from the E82. Note: Dependent on the market/state, the 128i is available with the N51B30M0 SULEV engine on both the E82 and E88 versions. 5 E88 Complete Vehicle The 1 Series Convertible is a four-seater vehicle with a fully automatic fabric convertible top The 128i is powered by the N51B30M0 SULEV engine or the N52B30O1, 230 horse¬ power inline 6-cylinder 3.0-liter engine that generates 200 Ib-ft of torque; the 128i will feature Valvetronic, VANOS and aluminum/magnesium block construction. The 128i can be visually identified by the two oval tail pipes with chrome tips at the lower left of the rear bumper. The 135i features the N54B30U0 twin-turbocharged direct injection 3.0-liter inline six- cylinder engine that produces 300 horsepower and 300 Ib-ft of torque from as low as 1,400 rpm. The 135i can be visually identified by the two 80 mm diameter tail pipes with chrome tips as standard equipment along with the M aerodynamic package. Conforming to BMW’s Efficient Dynamics, these vehicles will include the following: • Light weight but rigid bodyshell. • Lightweight suspension components: example: hollow anti-roll bars and aluminum front axle. • Run Flat Tires as standard equipment. 6 E88 Complete Vehicle Body Body Dimensions Comparison of the E88 with the current E93 and E46/C: External dimensions (mm) E88 E93 E46/C Vehicle length 4360 4580 4,488 Overall vehicle width 1748 1782 1,757 Vehicle height, unladen 1411 1384 1,370 Wheelbase 2660 2760 2,725 Overhang front 751 771 774 Overhang rear 949 1049 989 Track width front 1481 1500 1,471 Track width rear 1517 1513 1,483 Wheels/tires 195/55 R16 225/45 R17 205/55 R16 7 E88 Complete Vehicle Dimensional Variations Between the E88 and E93 Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 +7 mm @ Rear edge of the hood 4 -100 mm Wheelbase 2 +27 mm @ Vehicle height unladen 5 -100 mm Rear overhang 3 -20 mm Front overhang 6 +27 mm @ Rear edge of the trunk Dimensional Variations Between the E88 and E46/C Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 +28 mm @ Rear edge of the hood 4 -65 mm Wheelbase 2 +41 mm @ Vehicle height unladen 5 -40 mm Rear overhang 3 -23 mm Front overhang 6 +41 mm @ Rear edge of the trunk 8 E88 Complete Vehicle Bodyshell Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 DC04, DX54 6 HC420LAD 2 HC180BD, HC180YD 7 HC600C 3 HC220BD, HC260LAD 8 22MnB5 4 HC300BD 9 Plastics 5 HC340LAD, HC380LA 10 Other metal materials 9 E88 Complete Vehicle Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 DC04, DX54 6 HC420LAD 2 HC180BD, HC180YD 7 HC600C 3 HC220BD, HC260LAD 8 22MnB5 4 HC300BD 9 Plastics 5 HC340LAD, HC380LA 10 Other metal materials 10 E88 Complete Vehicle The bodyshell is fully galvanized and composed of a variety of steel grades. High-tensile steels and specially designed bracing concepts ensure the bodyshell is extremely rigid and stable. Rigidity is increased with the use of a convertible-specific bracing package that reinforces the front section and trunk area in combination with a specially design sill/rocker beam component. The front section bracing system links are connected using 4 special brackets incorporat¬ ed into the bodyshell and a mounting fixture on the front axle carrier. The front axle carrier and front section components are bridged providing additional rigidi¬ ty to the frame rails. Three pairs of brace struts are combined to create a spatial frame¬ work which provides optimum bracing for the front section, while adding minimum weight to the vehicle. Front section bracing/reinforcement configuration Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Support beam 5 Main brace mounting 2 Shock tower brace 6 Front section brace 3 Left front axle brace 7 Shock tower brace threaded connection 4 Right front axle brace 11 E88 Complete Vehicle Top view of front shock tower bracing (hood removed) 12 E88 Complete Vehicle Exterior Sill/Rocker Structure The sill/rocker structure represents the principle load path from the front section to the rear. To provide rigidity against bending and torsion forces, a horizontal flange has been added between the inner and outer sill/rocker beam shell. The sill/rocker structure is addi¬ tionally reinforced with the incorporation of transverse reinforcing components. Top view of floor pan, sill/rocker structure and transverse reinforcing components. 13 E88 Complete Vehicle Partition Wall Module Additional bracing has been incorporated into the rear section, as in previous convert¬ ibles. The partition wall is designed as an assembly module which provides structure with only minimal vehicle weight gain. The main support is also transmitted through the parti¬ tion wall reinforcement struts, offering a weight bearing advantage. Cut away view of the body floor pan Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Partition wall module 3 Rollover protection mounting 2 Partition wall reinforcement 4 Sill/rocker structure 14 E88 Complete Vehicle Strut Brace Concept The underbody strut braces along with the sill/rocker beam structure secure the front and rear sections of the under body while reinforcing the lower rocker assemblies. The entire concept is designed to work together with the modular partition wall and the front strut bracing assembly to meet the E88’s requirements for structure rigidity and crash safety standards. Strut brace and sill/rocker beam design (underside view of bodyshell) Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Left sill/rocker beam 4 Right sill/rocker beam 2 Mounting for rear brace 5 Front axle braces 3 Rear braces 6 Mounting for front axle braces 15 E88 Complete Vehicle Front Section Body work The the design of the E88 front body work meets the requirements for the US market while accommodating the current top of the line N54B30 engine (in the135is) within the established dimensions of the 1-Series body. The design front section features: • Slightly different bumper trim from the E82. • Extends the range of engines available between the N54B30U0, N51B30M0 and N52B30O1. • Integration of front strut braces (inspired by E93) to increase the rigidity of the front section of the body. • Accommodates the front section components, front axle components, front bumper cover, radiator support and cooling module (including an additional cooler for the top of the line N54B30 engine). Exploded view of the front section components 16 E88 Complete Vehicle Interior Features Doors and Side Panels Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Frameless door 4 Open storage compartment 2 Tweeter 5 Switch cluster 3 Mid-range speaker 6 Rubber inlay mat Shared Door Design for the E88/E82 The doors were adopted from the E82 Coupe. The inner door panels are designed with integrated storage areas and new door opening handle. Note: A special procedure is necessary to adjust the windows to the convert¬ ible top on the E88. (See the repair instructions for details) 17 E88 Complete Vehicle Dashboard Module Dashboard module features: • 2-piece driver’s footrest • The design and arrangement of the dashboard components (start/stop, light switch cluster, etc.) • Electric steering column lock (not on manual gearshift vehicles) • Steering column adjustment lever located to the side (out of the range of knee impact). Note: The vehicle also incorporates active knee protection airbags for both the driver and passenger. 18 E88 Complete Vehicle Luggage Compartment The luggage compartment offers the customer versatility, while providing for convenient location and logical arrangement of the control modules. Volume/loading In order to provide the customer with the largest cargo room possible, a variable roof storage compartment has been incorporated, as on the E46/C. When the convertible roof is stowed the available cargo room is 260 liters, with the convertible top up the cargo room increases by 40 liters to a maximum of 300 liters; this is the same as the maximum cargo capacity of the E46/C. The total volume of the trunk is not only impressive in numbers, but also very practical in function. With the convertible top open, the vehicle can be loaded with two 46" golf bags. This can also equate to one large and one small suitcase. The use of the modular partition wall created a larger through-loading opening (option) compared to the E46/C. Two snowboards or at least three pairs of skis can be loaded through this opening. Luggage compartment view of ski bag through-loading feature. © Index E46/C E88 1 215 mm 230 mm 2 240 mm 300 mm 19 E88 Complete Vehicle Convertible Top The convertible top is 20 mm shorter and the top storage compartment is 20% smaller than on the E46/C. The use of a sound-absorbing material for the convertible top makes it possible to reduce noise levels in the vehicle and also compensates for aerodynamic disadvantages caused by the rounded shape of the top. The thickness of the rear window is now 3.8 mm instead of 3.25 mm. This allows levels of low-frequency noise to be reduced considerably. Significant improvement of the "top down" sensation has been achieved by locating the windshield frame and sun shades forward when compared to the E46/C. The sun shades are 1.92” further forward than on the E46/C. View of convertible top fabric and hydraulics (closed position) • A classic fabric convertible top with storage compartment cover /lid. • First time that "anthracite" color has been used on production vehicles (silver effect). • Top lining is similar as the top on the E46/C. • Fully functional while the vehicle is in motion, top operation starts at speeds up to approximately 30 km/h (19 mph) and continues up to 40 km/h (25 mph). • The frameless rear window is bonded in with adhesive to the top material. It cannot be replaced separately. • Variable top storage compartment to increase the loading volume when the top is closed. 20 E88 Complete Vehicle Trunk Partition, raised (Left side view) Trunk Partition, lowered (Left side view) 21 E88 Complete Vehicle Trunk Partition, lowered (View from luggage compartment) Top Opening and Closing Procedure Fully automatic opening and closing of the top takes 22 seconds (not counting windows operation time). Once the convertible top is fully closed, the side windows are actuated. Opening/closing - from inside the vehicle: • Using the switch on the center console (also actuates the windows) Opening/closing - from outside the vehicle: • Using the door lock (also actuates the windows) • Up to 4 m/13 ft remote control radius, in conjunction with Comfort Access (also actuates the windows) • At a distance greater than 4m/13ft, only opens via remote control. (also actuates the windows). 22 E88 Complete Vehicle Layout of the Hydraulic Control Unit The hydraulic pump is located in the right side section of the trunk. The benefits of this location are: • Maximum distance between the pump and the driver for noise suppression. • Hydraulic lines are easily concealed by the luggage compartment trim. • Ease of accessibility for service and repair. Cut away view of luggage compartment from the rear Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Hydraulic control unit 2 Trunk divider 23 E88 Complete Vehicle Top Storage Compartment Cover Notable features of the top storage compartment lid/cover are: • The top storage compartment lid is made from sheet metal. • There is a concealed trim panel on the top storage compartment lid. • The side trim panel overlaps with the metal panel to provide anti-trap function. • Seam width from the top storage compartment to the side panel is reduced to 3.5 mm. Top Storage Compartment Lid/Cover (right side view) 24 E88 Complete Vehicle System Components Convertible Top The electrohydraulic convertible top can be opened and closed fully automatically. Opening or closing the convertible top takes approximately 22 seconds. If necessary it may also be activated when moving at low speeds (up to 40 km/h or 25mph). This involves moving the convertible top by means of a hydraulic cylinders. An electric motor unlocks the convertible top from and locks it to the windshield cowl. After it has opened, the convertible top is stored in the top storage compartment. The top storage compartment lid then closes automatically. The convertible top can be operated via 2 buttons in the center console switch cluster. Convertible top and hydraulic pump circuit. Position Sensors and Microswitches The sensors for the convertible top module (CVM) are composed of: • 8 Hall sensors supply signals to the convertible top module (CVM). The CVM moni¬ tors these sensors and determines the position of the convertible top. • 1 microswitch to determine trunk partition position. • 1 incremental sensor is a magneto resistive sensor mounted on the locking motor and monitors the locking mechanisms position. 25 E88 Complete Vehicle Convertible top position sensor component location Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Incremental sensor in the drive unit for the wind¬ shield cowl locking system 6 Hall sensor, main pillar raised 2 Hall sensor, windshield cow panel locked 7 Hall sensor, main pillar stowed 3 Hall sensor, roll bar stowed 8 Switch for the trunk partition 4 Hall sensor, roll bar raised or “Clamping bar positioned” 9 Hall sensor, Top storage compartment lid opened 5 Hall sensor, roll bar unclamped 10 Hall sensor, top storage compartment lid locked 26 E88 Complete Vehicle Incremental Sensor The incremental sensor #1 is integrated into the drive unit for the convertible top locking mechanism. The incremental sensor monitors the revolutions of the drive unit by monitor¬ ing motor position and the locking system linkage and the different states are identified, closed, intermediate and open positions. Hall Sensor #2 Indicates when the windshield cowl is locked, located next to cowl locking motor. Hall Sensor #3 Signals the position of the “Main Pillar Stowed” and is located on the lower right side bracket of top linkage/mechanism. 27 E88 Complete Vehicle Hall Sensor #4 Measures the Roll Bar in its most vertical position referred to as “Clamping Bar Positioned” in the current diagnostic equipment software version. It is located right side bracket of top linkage/mechanism (mid bracket). Hall Sensor #5 Measures the position of the top extending piston actuator which is labeled as “Roll Bar Unclamped” in the diagnostic equipment. Located on the right side top unfolding piston actuator under a plastic cover. 28 E88 Complete Vehicle Hall Sensor #6 Signals “Main Pillar Position” and is located on the rear of the right side bracket of top link¬ age/mechanism (lower most sensor). Hall Sensor #7 Signals “Main Pillar Stowed” and is located on the rear of the right side bracket of top linkage/mechanism (upper most sensor). 29 E88 Complete Vehicle Hall Sensor #9 Signals “Convertible Top Compartment Lid Opened” and is located on the rear of the left top lid hinge bracket shown here. Hall Sensor #10 Signals when the “Convertible Top Compartment Lid Locked” and is located on the front of the left hinge behind the top lid locking mechanism. E88 Complete Vehicle Trunk Partition Microswitch #8 This microswitch #8 ensures that the trunk partition has been lowered. With the trunk partition lowered, the microswitch is connected to ground. If this condition is not fulfilled, the convertible top does not open (disabling condition). Located on the left side trunk partition catch. Note: No short circuit recognition. The convertible top module (CVM) will not recognize a short circuit of the wire to the microswitch for the detection of the trunk partition. Note: When diagnosing and servicing the convertible top, please be aware that the terminology may vary between the training material, repair instruc¬ tions and diagnostic software version used. 31 E88 Complete Vehicle Convertible Top Module (CVM) The convertible top module (CVM) controls all the electrical and hydraulic functions of the convertible top. The convertible top module is connected to the K-CAN. The convertible top module is fitted to the partition wall module. Under certain inhibition conditions, the CVM will not activate the convertible top (see system functions, prerequi¬ sites for opening and closing the top). Installation location for the convertible top module Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Rollover protection system 3 Roll bar (extended) 2 Convertible top module (CVM) 32 E88 Complete Vehicle Controls for Operation The center console switch cluster has 2 buttons for operating the convertible top (Open convertible top and Close convertible top). The center console switch cluster (SZM) is connected to the heating/air conditioning controls module. Above the two buttons there are a red and a green function LEDs. These LEDs are con¬ trolled by the convertible top module (CVM) via the K-CAN. The green LED lights up while the convertible top is moving. The red LED starts to flash if the convertible top or the top storage compartment lid is not located securely in their end position when the button is released. The flashing red LED does not denote a fault. The flashing LED is intended to draw attention to the fact that the vehicle should not be driven in this state. When the convertible top is opened by pressing the button, and there is a disabling con¬ dition (like, the trunk partition not lowered) the red LED lights up to signal the fault. The two control buttons are each equipped with 2 double contacts (normally open con¬ tact against ground). A wire leads directly to the CVM and reports a general operation request. The second wire reports the direction to the control unit for the heating/air condi¬ tioning system (IHKA). The signal is then transmitted to the CVM via the K-CAN. The execution of an operation request takes place after a time delay. If the button is released during the operation, the convertible top or side window movement stops imme¬ diately. Location of the control buttons for the convertible top 33 E88 Complete Vehicle Convertible Top Hydraulic Circuit Components The convertible top hydraulic control unit consists of the electric motor with hydraulic pump, fluid reservoir, valve block and relays. The hydraulic control unit powers all the movements of the convertible top using 3 cylinder pairs. Each cylinder pair controls either: • the convertible top main pillars • the convertible top roll bar • the top storage compartment cover or (lid). Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Hydraulic control unit 3 Cylinder pair for the top storage compartment lid 2 Cylinder pair for the main pillars 4 Cylinder pair for the roll bar 34 E88 Complete Vehicle Electrical Hydraulic Control Unit The direction of movement of the con¬ vertible top (OPEN or CLOSE) is con¬ trolled by 2 relays. The cylinders are supplied with oil by a hydraulic pump with 3 valves and with 2 directions of flow. A change in direction by the hydraulic pump determines the direction of movement of the pistons/ rams. The hydraulic pump with a maximum of 200 bar is integrated into the hydraulic control unit. The two relays and the 3 hydraulic valves for hydraulic control are also integrated into the hydraulic control unit. The hydraulic control unit circuit is safeguarded with a slow-acting fuse rated at 50 amp. fuse. To protect the hydraulic control unit, a "pump protection feature" is resident in con¬ vertible top module (CVM). 35 E88 Complete Vehicle The hydraulic pump is only operational while the convertible top is in motion. Should the pump fail, emergency operation will be necessary. The hydraulic control unit is installed in the right side of the luggage compartment. It has been placed in the furthest point possible from the driver in order to minimize the sound being transmitted into the passenger compartment by the pump during operation. Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Trunk side member 2 Hydraulic control unit 36 E88 Complete Vehicle Windshield Cowl Locking System A geared electric motor locks and unlocks the convertible top to and from the windshield cowl on the top of the windshield frame. The convertible top module (CVM) actuates the drive unit. The drive unit is located in the center of the cowl locking system. The right and left side catches are moved via a disc and 2 thrust rods. The Hall sensor for the (windshield cowl locked) monitors the locking system. Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Drive unit for windshield cowl locking system 3 Thrust rods 2 Hall sensor, for windshield cowl locked 4 Catches 37 E88 Complete Vehicle The following control modules also contribute to the operation of the convertible top: • Instrument cluster (KOMBI) The instrument cluster supplies an outside temperature reading (bus signal) and indi¬ cates the Check Control messages regarding the convertible top using Check Control symbols. • Footwell module (FRM) The footwell module (FRM) controls the front power windows. To open the convertible top, the side windows must be opened (bus signal from the CVM). • Junction box electronics (JBE) The junction box electronics (JBE) control the rear power windows. To open the convert¬ ible top, the side windows must be opened (bus signal from the CVM). The junction box electronics supply a signal to indicate whether the trunk lid is closed (bus signal). The distribution box in the junction box supplies the convertible top module (CVM) via terminal 30g. The CVM is supplied via terminal 15 of the Car Access System (CAS). If, for example, the junction box power supply is interrupted, sufficient communication is still possible with the BMW diagnostic system. • Car Access System (CAS) The CAS stores the power window position or status and makes that information avail¬ able to the CVM control module. Following a request from the CVM, the CAS controls the opening and closing of the side windows. The CAS prevents the trunk lid from opening and any movement of the power windows when the convertible top is in an intermediate position. The Car Access System (CAS) controls comfort opening of the convertible top. The signals from the remote control are received by the FBD receiver and passed on to the CAS. Comfort opening and comfort closing are controlled via the lock and key in the driver’s door: The CAS receives this signal from the footwell module (FRM). 38 E88 Complete Vehicle Convertible top system circuit diagram 39 E88 Complete Vehicle Convertible top system circuit diagram legend Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Car Access System (CAS) 12 Switch for the trunk partition 2 Footwell module (FRM) 13 Hall sensor, convertible top storage compartment lid open 3 Instrument cluster (KOMBI) 14 Hall sensor, windshield cowl locked 4 Center console switch cluster (SZM) 15 Hall sensor, roll bar unclamped 5 IHKA control module 16 Hall sensor, roll bar positioned/raised 6 Junction box electronics (JBE) 17 Hall sensor, roll bar stowed 7 Power distribution box in junction box 18 Incremental sensor 8 Rear distribution box 19 Drive unit for the windshield cowl locking system 9 Hall sensor, convertible top storage compartment lid locked 20 Hall sensor, main pillar raised 10 Hydraulic control unit 21 Hall sensor, main pillar stowed 11 Convertible top module (CVM) 40 E88 Complete Vehicle System Functions The system functions for the automatic convertible top are: • Opening and closing the convertible top • Comfort operation • Check Control messages Prerequisites for Opening and Closing the Top In order to open and close the convertible top, the following conditions must be fulfilled: • Terminal R ON • Outside temperature above -12°C • Trunk lid closed • Speed lower than 40 km/h, (25mph) - Speed lower than 50 km/h (31mph) • The convertible top is allowed to finish opening or closing until it reaches its end position. - Speed above 50 km/h (31 mph) • The convertible top does not move. - Speed above 70 km/h (44mph) • Fault code memory entry A69A (Speed not permissible in current convertible top position). • Trunk partition lowered • Battery voltage greater than 11.5 Volts • Less than 5 opening and closing actions in succession (pump protection feature) • The CAS must allow top operation, (example: window status, terminal status) 41 E88 Complete Vehicle Top Opening Sequence Automatic top opening proceeds as follows: • Side windows are opened (if closed or in an intermediate position) • Convertible top is unlocked from the windshield cowl • Rear-window heater is switched off (via the junction box electronics) • Top storage compartment lid is unlocked and opened • Convertible top is stored in the top storage compartment • Catches on the windshield cowl are locked • Top storage compartment lid is closed and locked • Side windows are returned to their initial position. Note: Automatic closing of the convertible top occurs in the reverse sequence. Comfort Operation The convertible top can be operated using the remote control and via the mechanical key and the door lock. (Windows also operate) On vehicles with the "Comfort Access" option, the convertible top can be opened and closed using the ID transmitter. (Windows also operate) In the US the conditions for operation using the remote control or ID transmitter. The Comfort Access conditions are: • Top OPEN: only if the ID transmitters less than 4 m away • Top CLOSE: only if the ID transmitter is less than 4 m away 42 E88 Complete Vehicle Check Control Messages Under certain circumstances it may not possible to open or close the convertible top. The appropriate Check Control messages will be displayed in the instrument cluster. On vehicles with a Central Information Display (CID), a text-based message and accom¬ panying instructions are displayed. The Check Control messages provide a more detailed explanation of the red LED on the button, which lights up in the case of a fault. Once a Check Control message is activated, it is displayed every 5 seconds. Index Color Check Control message Accompanying information 1 Yellow Trunk open Trunk partition - Trunk partition - Movement of the convertible top is not possible. - Move the trunk partition into the required position; see the Owner's Manual. Convertible top! Slow down! - Convertible top - Speed for convertible top operation exceeded. - Reduce speed and proceed with top operation. 2 Yellow Convertible top! Emergency operation - Convertible top - Convertible top control failure. - For information on convertible top emergency opera¬ tion, see Owner's Manual. Convertible top drive unit overheated - Convertible top operation - Convertible top drive unit overheated Convertible top operation not possible - Convertible top operation - Convertible top temporarily out of action. See Owner's Manual for possible causes. 43 E88 Complete Vehicle Index Color Check Control Message Accompanying Information 3 Red Convertible top not locked - Convertible top - Automatic locking interrupted. See the Owner's Manual for how to lock the convertible top. - Have the problem checked by your BMW Service. Convertible top control failure - Convertible top control failure - Convertible top position and locking status cannot be detected. - If the convertible top locks securely in place, you may continue driving. - For information on inspecting the locking system, see the Owner's Manual. Convertible top not locked - Convertible top - Convertible top not locked First open or close the convertible then continue your journey. Note: The terminology may differ from what you see here and the wordage used in the diagnostic equipment and or repair instructions. 44 E88 Complete Vehicle Service Information Service Notes Consider the following helpful hints when servicing the E88 top: • The rear power windows do not have an anti-trap mechanism. There is no one- touch control function for closing the rear windows. • No comfort closing from the outside door handle electronics. On vehicles with Comfort Access, comfort closing cannot be activated from the outside door handle electronics. Comfort closing is performed by the driver’s door lock and key. • Maintenance-free hydraulic fluid. Changing the hydraulic fluid is not necessary. If hydraulic fluid needs to be added to the system due to leaks, only the approved hydraulic fluid may be used. (See operating fluids in TIS). The hydraulic fluid must be filled up only to the mark on the fluid reservoir. • The hydraulic system is self-bleeding. • The convertible top Hydraulic unit and its mechanism are replaced as a complete assembly. Diagnostic Notes Consider the following helpful hints when diagnosing the E88 top: • When working on the rollover protection system, if rollover protection is to be trig¬ gered by the diagnostic system or manually by the technician, the convertible top must first be opened. Otherwise the convertible top will be damaged. The is also applies to mechanical activation of the roll over system. • Particular characteristics of the open and close convertible top buttons. -Terminal R ON while the button is being pressed. - After top operation is complete, press and hold the button for longer than 20 seconds. A fault code memory entry may occur due to operator error: example: if the front passen¬ ger presses to open convertible top and the driver switches Terminal R ON. In this case, the fault code is saved as "not present". In the event that the “convertible top is temporarily out of action” message is displayed, the system will reset after the top has been opened or closed using the button. The top will then again be functional. 45 E88 Complete Vehicle Encoding/Programming Notes After replacement, the convertible top module (CVM) must be re-encoded. Window Adjustments The windows on the E88 don’t have to be initialized, but they do need to be adjusted to the body to prevent rattles, wind noises and vibrations as well as water leaks. Note: Special tools are needed to perform the window adjustment procedure. Please refer to the repair instructions in TIS for the most up to date window adjustment information and a list of special tools needed to perform the procedure. Positions for the Convertible Top Diagnosis The automatic convertible top has 10 sensors in all: • 8 Hall sensors • 1 microswitch • 1 incremental sensor These sensors detect the different positions of the convertible top as it is opening and closing. In order to pinpoint faults, the system must be aware of which intermediate posi¬ tion the convertible top is in. This helps in diagnosing the system by pinpointing the faulty component or verifying the fault code present. Note: The following pages show the diagnostic equipment in Control Module Functions, to monitor sensor position and activity of the convertible top as it is operated and stopped in pre-determined positions. Pay close attention to the terminology and the proper position of the top as you perform diagnosis. 46 E88 Complete Vehicle Convertible top open and stored in the luggage compartment Sensor State Hall sensor, main pillar positioned no Hall sensor, main pillar stowed yes Hall sensor, roll bar unclamped no Hall sensor, clamping bar in position (roll bar raised) no Hall sensor, roll bar stowed no Hall sensor, windnield cowl panel closed no Incremental sensor, windnield cowl locking system motor position Lock opened Hall sensor, convertible top storage compartment lid locked yes Hall sensor, convertible top storage compartment lid open no Microswitch, Trunk partition down position yes 47 E88 Complete Vehicle Roof storage compartment lid open Sensor State Hall sensor, main pillar positioned no Hall sensor, main pillar stowed yes Hall sensor, roll bar unclamped no Hall sensor, clamping bar in position (roll bar raised) no Hall sensor, roll bar stowed no Hall sensor, windnield cowl panel closed no Incremental sensor, windnield cowl locking system motor position Lock opened Hall sensor, convertible top storage compartment lid locked no Hall sensor, convertible top storage compartment lid open yes Microswitch, Trunk partition down position yes 48 E88 Complete Vehicle Convertible top intermediate position and top storage compartment lid open Sensor State Hall sensor, main pillar positioned yes Hall sensor, main pillar stowed no Hall sensor, roll bar unclamped no Hall sensor, clamping bar in position (roll bar raised) yes Hall sensor, roll bar stowed no Hall sensor, windnield cowl panel closed no Incremental sensor, windnield cowl locking system motor position Lock opened Hall sensor, convertible top storage compartment lid locked no Hall sensor, convertible top storage compartment lid open yes Microswitch, Trunk partition down position yes 49 E88 Complete Vehicle Convertible roof intermediate position and roof storage compartment lid closed Sensor State Hall sensor, main pillar positioned yes Hall sensor, main pillar stowed no Hall sensor, roll bar unclamped no Hall sensor, clamping bar in position (roll bar raised) yes Hall sensor, roll bar stowed no Hall sensor, windnield cowl panel closed no Incremental sensor, windnield cowl locking system motor position Lock opened Hall sensor, convertible top storage compartment lid locked yes Hall sensor, convertible top storage compartment lid open no Microswitch, Trunk partition down position yes 50 E88 Complete Vehicle Convertible roof closed Sensor State Hall sensor, main pillar positioned yes Hall sensor, main pillar stowed no Hall sensor, roll bar unclamped yes Hall sensor, clamping bar in position (roll bar raised) no Hall sensor, roll bar stowed yes Hall sensor, windnield cowl panel closed yes Incremental sensor, windnield cowl locking system motor position Lock closed Hall sensor, convertible top storage compartment lid locked yes Hall sensor, convertible top storage compartment lid open no Microswitch, Trunk partition down position yes 51 E88 Complete Vehicle Hall sensor installation locations Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Hall sensors roll bar stowed 3 Hall sensors main pillar positioned (raised) 2 Hall sensors roll bar positioned (raised) 4 Hall sensors main pillar stowed 52 E88 Complete Vehicle Emergency Operation To activate the convertible top in an emergency, the following tools are required: • Allen key • Thin slotted screwdriver These tools can be found in the tool kit located in the luggage compartment of the vehicle. CAUTION!!! Closing the top in an emergency must be performed by two people. Note: The vehicle must be in KLO to perform the emergency operation and you must first lower all the side windows. First step is to release the convertible top storage compartment lid: 1. Open the trunk lid. 2. To release the top storage compartment lid, detach the pull knobs for the Bowden cables from the luggage compartment lining, on the right and left side. 53 E88 Complete Vehicle 3. Pull the pull left and right knobs towards the rear of the vehicle until resistance is detected (as illustrated to the left). Note: The convertible top storage compartment lid is fully unlocked and it can now be manually lifted. 4. Close the trunk lid. Proceed to open the convertible top storage compartment lid: 5. Push the sliding trim cover (1) forward. 6. Reach underneath the top storage compartment lid in the area (2) indicated and lift it open slowly and smoothly. CAUTION!!! Once opened, the convertible top storage compart¬ ment lid must be held at all times, as it could other¬ wise close on its own and may cause injury. 54 E88 Complete Vehicle TK07-1247 CAUTION!!! Before lifting the convertible top, make a visual inspection to ensure that the locking pin is not incor¬ rectly positioned, either on the left or right-hand side. (Only the left side locking pin is visible in the image) If one or both locking pins are incorrectly positioned, proceed as follows: 1. Close the top storage compartment lid again until you hear the locking pin(s) fold back (approximately to the position illustrated). CAUTION!!! Do not fully close the top storage compartment lid. 2. Fully open the top storage compartment lid again and make another visual inspec¬ tion of the locking pins. 55 E88 Complete Vehicle To manually close the convertible top: 1. With the help of a second person, reach under the top edge in the area indicated (on the left and right-hand side). 2. Lift the convertible top up and out of the top storage compartment. 56 E88 Complete Vehicle 3. Open the convertible top as far as the position illustrated. 4. Lift the roll bar into an upright position. CAUTION!!! Once raised, the roll bar must be held at all times, as it could otherwise fall on its own and may cause injury. 57 E88 Complete Vehicle 1252 1. Close the top storage compartment lid (be careful not to get trapped underneath). 2. Lay the roll bar down on the top storage compartment lid. CAUTION!!! After emergency operation of the convertible top, the top storage compartment lid is no longer locked. Seek the assistance of a BMW Center as soon as possible. 3. Press the edge of the top onto the fastener until it is lying flush. This automatically pulls the roll bar onto the top storage compartment lid. 58 E88 Complete Vehicle To lock the convertible top to the edge of the windshield cowl: 1. Sit in one of the two front seats. 2. Pry the access cover flap for the locking screw out of the top edge trim using the small flat screwdriver. 3. Insert the Allen key from the on board tool kit into the bolt located underneath the access cover. 59 E88 Complete Vehicle TK07-1254 4. Turn the Allen bolt counterclockwise. This pulls the convertible top downward and locks it in place. If necessary, pull the convertible top downward while gently sup¬ porting it as to guide the locking mechanisms in place. 5. Snap the plastic access cover back into place. 6. Close all side windows. The convertible top emergency closing procedure is complete. 60 E88 Complete Vehicle Rollover Protection System The design and function of the Rollover Protection System (ROC) is similar to the E93. The ROC used in the 1 Series has been enhanced with the following features: • Ski bag option with 380 mm through loading opening will accommodate 2 snowboards or 2 golf bags • 8 kg lighter compared to the E46/C • The use of function-inverted mechanisms is much more cost effective. In the event of an impact, in which the vehicle rolls over, the roll bars extend in millisec¬ onds and, together with the top frame, form a well protected area for the occupants. Rollover protection system - front and rearview Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Front view 2 Rearview 61 E88 Complete Vehicle Partition wall module Note: The mechanism of the rollover protection system may only be removed and fitted as a complete unit, as its part of the partition wall module. Individual mechanical components of the system may not be replaced separately. 62 E88 Complete Vehicle Bus System Overview Vehicle Systems Network The vehicle electrical system on the E88 is very similar to that on the E93. The E93/E88 vehicle electrical systems differ only slightly by the omission or addition of some control modules. Changes to the K-CAN The convertible Top module (CVM) controls the convertible Top operation. The High-Beam Assistant is not offered on the E88, so the control unit for the High- Beam Assistant (FLA) has been omitted. Changes to the MOST SBX High is offered along with the Telematics Control Unit (TCU). SBX High permits the connection of external devices such as mobile phones from various manufacturers and USB devices (MP3 players, USB sticks or iPods). Changes to PT-CAN The longitudinal dynamics management (LDM) and Active Cruise Control (ACC) functions are not offered in the E88. Note: As on all current new BMW models D-CAN is incorporated to the bus system instead of D-bus to enhance communication on this line and comply with OBD regulations. 63 E88 Complete Vehicle E88 Bus System Overview 64 E88 Complete Vehicle Index Explanation Index Explanation AL Active steering system KOMBI Instrument cluster ASP Outside mirror LWS Steering angle sensor CA Comfort access ACSM Advanced crash and safety management CAS Car access system OC3 Seat occupancy detection mat CCC Car communication computer PDC Park distance control CDC CD changer QLT Quality, level,temp, oil sensor CID Central information display RAD Radio 2 CON Controller RLS Rain/driving light sensor DME Digital motor electronics SBFA Driver’s door switch cluster DSC Dynamic stability control SDARS Satellite tuner DSC-Sen DSC sensor SINE Emergency current siren w/ tilt alarm sensor EGS Electronic transmission control unit SMBF Passenger’s seat module EKP Electric fuel pump control unit SMC Stepper motor controller EWP Electric water pump SMFA Driver’s seat module FRM Footwell module Top-HiFi Top-HiFi amplifier FS Most direct access TPMS Tire pressure monitoring system FZD Roof function center TPM-sen TPMS sensors X4 IBOC In band on channel (digital radio) SBX-H Interface box IBS Intelligent battery sensor MW-SEN Micro wave sensors IHKA Automatic climate control SZL Steering column switch cluster TCU Telematics control unit TAGE Electric outer door handle module JB Junction box CVM Convertible roof module The instrument cluster is supplied with power by terminal 30g_f. The legends on the Bus overview also apply to the Bus overview with terminal status on the next page. 65 E88 Complete Vehicle Terminal Status of the E88 (US variant) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Zco LU CO 1 s U CO -1 cd A 66 E88 Complete Vehicle General Vehicle Electrical System Because the vehicle systems network in the E88 is the same as that in the E93, only new features and differences will be described here. For detailed information on the vehicles systems network , refer to ST701 training material. Central Locking System In contrast to the E93, in the E88 the glove compartment and the storage compartment in the center console are not locked/unlocked automatically. Anti-theft Alarm System The anti-theft alarm system in the E88 is similar to that in the E93 in terms of its basic functions and operation. There are some differences when it comes to interior monitoring. Three microwave sensors are used on the E88 for the purpose of monitoring the interior. The microwave sensors are connected via the DWA bus to the SINE (siren with tilt alarm sensor). The DWA bus is a sub-bus based on the K-bus. SINE is the master control module and is connected directly to the K-CAN. The microwave sensors facilitate monitoring of the vehicle interior also when the convert¬ ible top is down. The microwave sensors have a semicircular radiation range characteris¬ tic. By strategic placement in the vehicle, the entire interior can be monitored. Interior monitoring with microwave sensors Microwave Sensor 67 E88 Complete Vehicle E88 Convertible anti-theft alarm system 68 E88 Complete Vehicle Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Hood contact switch 8 trunk-lid contact switch 2 Car Access System 9 Luggage compartment light 3 Interior rear-view mirror with remote control receiver and DWA LED 10 Rear microwave sensor 4 Junction box 11 Microwave sensor, front left 5 Passenger's door contact 12 Footwell module 6 Microwave sensor, front right 13 Driver's door contact 7 Siren with tilt alarm sensor 69 E88 Complete Vehicle 70 E88 Complete Vehicle Audio and Communication Systems USB/audio Interface The USB/audio interface is available as an option. This interface can be used to connect external audio devices and stor¬ age media into the vehicle entertain¬ ment system via a USB interface. If the vehicle is equipped with a center armrest, the external player can be stored in a special pocket on the under¬ side of the armrest, where it is protected from damage. USB/audio interface in the E88 Note: For more detailed information on the USB interface refer to the E82 reference material. Antenna Systems Since the standard locations for antennas on the roof of the vehicle or in the fixed rear window are not possible on the E88, the various antenna systems are integrated in vari¬ ous places around the vehicle. Antennas are required for the following systems: • Radio • Digital receivers • Navigation • Telephone and telematics • Remote control 71 E88 Complete Vehicle AM/FM Antennas Three FM antennas (FM1, FM2, FM3) and one AM antenna are switched via an FM diversity module and are used for radio reception in the E88. The AM and FM1 antennas are integrated into the mast antenna. The FM2 and FM3 antennas are located under the rear bumper trim. The antenna amplifier for the FM2 and FM3 antennas are located in the diversity antenna module at the rear left of the luggage compartment. Index Explanation 1 Mast antenna (AM, FM1 and telephone antenna Index Explanation 1 FM3 antenna for VHF reception 2 Telematics antenna 3 FM2 antenna for VHF reception 72 E88 Complete Vehicle Antennas for Digital Receivers Satellite Digital Audio Radio Services (SDARS) antenna on trunk lid (View from the rear of the vehicle) View from under trunk lid. Index Explanation 1 SDARS antenna Note: The terrestrial In Band On Channel (IBOC) uses the FM antennas for digital reception. 73 E88 Complete Vehicle Antennas for Telephone and Telematics The following antennas are required for telephone and telematics functions: • Telephone antenna • Telematics antenna • SOS antenna • GPS antenna • Bluetooth antenna for internal communication The telephone antenna is located in the mast antenna. The telephone antenna is integrated into the mast antenna Telematics Antenna The telematics antenna is located on the rear bumper under the left tail light. On vehicles equipped with the BMW Assist option, the telematics antenna is connect¬ ed directly to the telematics control unit TCU and is used solely for data transmis¬ sion relating to telematics functions. Index Explanation 1 FM3 antenna for VHF reception 2 Telematics antenna 3 FM2 antenna for VHF reception FM antenna behind the bumper trim (Left rear bumper view) 74 E88 Complete Vehicle SOS Antenna The SOS antenna is activated if the emer¬ gency call function is no longer possible via the telematics antenna after an accident. The emergency antenna is installed under the back seat. 1 - Emergency antenna (under back seat) Bluetooth Antenna The Bluetooth antenna is used for internal data transmission between the mobile phone and vehicle. The Bluetooth antenna is located in the leftfootwell trim panel. 1- Bluetooth antenna (under leftfootwell trim panel) GPS Antenna A GPS antenna is necessary for the telemat¬ ics function "Automatic emergency call with current location". On vehicles with CCC navigation system, the GPS antenna is rout¬ ed directly to the navigation computer. The TCU receives the position data via the MOST. The GPS antenna is connected directly to the TCU on vehicles with no navigation sys¬ tem but with BMW radio 2 and telematics functions. In this case, the TCU determines the location. The GPS antenna is located on the left-hand side under the roof storage compartment lid. Index Explanation 1 GPS antenna 2 Underside of top storage compartment lid 75 E88 Complete Vehicle E88 Antenna Circuit Diagram 76 E88 Complete Vehicle Kl. 30g E88 Antenna Circuit Diagram Legend Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Head unit ( RAD2, CCC) 10 FM3 antenna 2 Car Access System 11 Telematic Control Unit (TCU) 3 Remote control receiver in rear-view mirror 12 Mast antenna (telephone antenna, AM antenna and FM1 antenna) 4 Junction box 13 FM antenna diversity module 5 Comfort access 14 IBOC receiver (digital radio tuner) 6 FM2 antenna 15 GPS antenna (on vehicles without the naviga¬ tion system, the GPS antenna is connected directly into the TCU) 7 SDARS antenna 16 SOS antenna 8 SDARS receiver (satellite tuner) 17 Eject box with snap-in adapter 9 Telematics antenna 18 Bluetooth antenna 77 E88 Complete Vehicle IKT Module Location Top cut away view of components located in the luggage compartment Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Top-HiFi amplifier 6 Japan navigation system 2 SDARS 7 On-board tool kit 3 Telematics control unitTCU with BMW Assist 8 CD changer 4 Battery 9 Hi-Fi amplifier 5 Removable towing hitch (Not for US) 10 IBOC 78 E88 Complete Vehicle Passive Safety Systems Advanced Crash and Safety Management The E88 is equipped with the second generation advanced crash and safety manage¬ ment system (ACSM2) as featured in the E93. The system is enhanced with the following components: • Seat position sensor, driver seat and front passenger seat • Left and right side retraction tensioner • Left and right side adaptive belt-load limiter 79 E88 Complete Vehicle E88 Passive Safety System Circuit Diagram 80 E88 Complete Vehicle E88 Passive Safety System Circuit Diagram Legend Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Up-front sensor, left 15 B-pillar satellite, right 2 Driver airbag 16 Battery 3 Front passenger airbag 17 Safety battery terminal 4 Up-front sensor, right 18 Right-hand roll bar actuator 5 Junction box 19 Rollover protection controller 6 Knee airbag, passenger's side 20 Left-hand roll bar actuator 7 Car access system 3 21 B-pillar satellite, left 8 Crash safety module ACSM 22 Seat position sensor, driver's seat 9 Door pressure sensor, passenger's side 23 Right side retraction tensioner and adaptive belt-load limiter 10 Side airbag, passenger's side 24 Side airbag, driver's side 11 Seat belt pretensioner and seat belt buckle switch, passenger's side 25 Door pressure sensor, driver's side 12 Left side retraction tensioner and adaptive belt¬ load limiter 26 Passenger Airbag OFF lamp 13 Seat position sensor, front passenger's seat 27 Knee airbag, driver's side 14 OC3 mat 28 Seat belt pretensioner and seat belt buckle switch, driver's side Signals on the PT-CAN In/out Information Source/sink Function OUT Crash telegram ACSM2>JB>EKP module Shut down fuel pump OUT Crash Telegram ACSM2>JB>DME Shut down alternator Signals on the K-CAN In/out Information Source/sink Function OUT Crash Telegram ACSM2> CAS3 Open central locking OUT Crash Telegram ACSM2>FRM Activate hazard warning lights OUT Crash Telegram ACSM2>FRM Switch on interior lights 81 E88 Complete Vehicle Front Seats Air Bags The front seats in the E88 do not have an integrated seat belt system. The automatic seat belt tensioner is secured to the bodyshell. The front seats each house a side head- level airbag. These seat airbags when deployed are much taller and are used in the con¬ vertible because of the absence of curtain airbags. Picture of an E93 seat air bag Seat Position Sensors Adaptive restraint systems were developed in order to optimize the protective effect of the restraint system under changing conditions. The severity of the accident, the seat position and the posture of the occupant are important factors when calculating the triggering sequence. The seat position sensors in the E88 make it possible to differentiate between people of different sizes. Within the seat's longitudinal adjustment range, the seat position detection system can differentiate between a small person and a larger size occupant. This detection system is another technical feature designed to increase the safety. 82 E88 Complete Vehicle Seat position sensor in the driver's seat Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Seat position sensor 2 Permanent magnet The system adapts the triggering of the two airbags to the driver's and front passenger's seat position. Due to US legal requirements, the driver's seat and front passenger seat must be able to detect the size of the occupant. Size is detected by the extent of back and forward seat adjustment. In the E88, the exact position is determined by the seat position sensors in the driver's and front passenger's seats. The seat position detection system is designed with a dual-wire Hall sensor and is sup¬ plied with power by the ACSM control unit. The strength of the current in the seat position sensor changes depending on the seat position and the distance of the seat position sensor from the permanent magnet. 83 E88 Complete Vehicle Retraction Tensioner and Adaptive Belt-load Limiter The automatic seat belt tensioner is enhanced with the addition of two extra functions: • Retraction tensioner • Adaptive belt-load limiter. Index Explanation 1 Seat belt 2 Automatic seat belt tensioner 3 Pyrotechnic actuator for the adaptive belt-load limiter 4 Pyrotechnic actuator for the retraction tensioner Automatic seat belt tensioner Cutaway view of the retraction tensioner Index Explanation 1 Gearwheel 2 Drive pinion 3 Disc 4 Seat belt retractor 5 Piston 6 Gas generator Note: The two functions are deployed using pyrotechnic elements. 84 E88 Complete Vehicle Retraction Tensioner As with the seat belt tensioner, the role of the pyrotechnic retraction tensioner is to mini¬ mize any looseness of the belt in the pelvis and shoulder areas in the event of impact. The pyrotechnic retraction tensioner is located in the driver and front passenger automat¬ ic seat belt tensioner. In the event of an impact of the appropriate accident severity, the gas generator (6) is ignited and the piston (5) moves upwards. This moves the drive pin¬ ion (2) which is connected to the gearwheel (1). The rotation of the gearwheel (1) turns the disc (3) and the Seat belt retractor. This pulls the belt into the automatic seat belt ten¬ sioner. Adaptive Belt-load Limiter The adaptive belt-load limiter in the automatic seat belt tensioner reduces the load on the chest of the occupant. The seat belt tensioner, retraction tension¬ er and belt-load limiter all work together. Index Explanation 1 Gas generator 2 Piston 3 Slider 4 Leaf spring 5 Torsion shaft Adaptive load limiting works in two stages. The kinetic energy is first dissipated by the leaf spring (4) and the torsion shaft (5) in the automatic seat belt tensioners. Then the gas generator (1) is ignited, which moves the piston (2). The piston (2) then presses on the slider (3) which is shifted out of position and rotated in a predefined movement. This pushes away a retaining ring and disconnects the leaf spring (4). In addition, the slider (3) wedges itself into the automatic seat belt tensioner housing and the kinetic energy is dissipated via the torsion shaft (5) as the process continues. Thanks to the optimum coordination of the airbag, the kinetic energy from the passenger is dissi¬ pated more evenly over the duration of the impact. This results in low stress forces on the passengers. 85 E88 Complete Vehicle 86 E88 Complete Vehicle Component Location The control modules in the luggage compartment are located so as to avoid the need for different luggage compartment trim, wherever possible. The hydraulic control unit is located in the right side panel of the luggage compartment floor. This reduces the loss of useable cargo room and minimizes noise inside the vehi¬ cle. Cut away view of components in the right luggage compartment Index Explanation Index Explanation 1 Park Distance Control (PDC) control module 3 Hydraulic pump 2 Towing hitch control module (Not for US) 4 Comfort Access module 87 E88 Complete Vehicle Component Location Overview (Front View) 88 E88 Complete Vehicle © ® ® Component Location Legend £ O ■ +-» (0 £ a x HI o TD CD cr o T3 =5 < "(0 3 o Q > CD CD CO CD -t—> CD CO I CO cr < o CO _0 "o -I—' 0 o o 0 _o "■4—> o CD -i—' o Q_ b > _o "o cr i o o cr CD -i—> CO >, CO CL O H ■a 0 ^ F O) £= d CD -t —> i=j co CD CD CO CD “0 0 CD 'P -t—' ~r CD O O) — CD 3 0 _Z o . 2 < 'CD _0 =5 “0 o CD CD CO _CO a3 > Q < CO CD O o 0 o "-4—> CD O O o CD O i o o o o -i—> 0 o o 0 o 'co CO CO 0 CD ■4—' g "c o ■4—> o _0 LU CO o LU CD -t—' CO _0 o _0 o -4—> CO 0 o o D) _c b CD -4—' CO N CO _0 =5 ■0 o 0 o o cr CD _c b CD •4—> CO 0 > -4—> o < < X a> "D £ 00 CM ^r CM LO CM CD CM CM 00 CM a> CM o 00 00 CM 00 £ o ■ +■> (0 £ ro a x hi _0 =5 "a o E -4—> 0 4— 0 0 0 CD 6 CO o < _0 =5 “0 o CL LU _0 =5 ~o o o o _0 JO -4—> 0 > c o o > O o ■4—' 0 o O _o "■4—> 0 E _0 i 3 o H o ■4—' 0 o O 0 o 0 0 0 b 0 CL o o CL 0 ) 0 b -4—> '0 o 0 0 0 0 Q_ i 0 F co CL I- co ZD O 4— ■4—> o 0 _0 0 0 ■4—> CO _0 0 “a o _0 '0 H < 0 0 0 o o < 4-J b o o 0 0 0 0 _0 o Q O O O O 0 g '0 o -4—> o _0 LU 0 0 '0 0 0 "0 - 4 —> '0 b 1 LU Q 0 0 o o CO 0 -4—> 0 >> 0 0 0 "-4—> 0 0 > 0 X m -Q £ CM 00 LO CD 00 CD O CM CM CM CM £ O ■ +■» (0 £ J 2 a x LLI o -4—> 0 o O - 4 —» !q 0 -1—' CO 0 0 0 Q O CO Q CO z> b 4— -4—' o 2 0 o CL "0 g '0 0 _0 o 0 E o -4—> o _0 LU 1 CO CL LU 0 - 4 —> 0 >> CO 0 0 0 o o < 0 o 00 CO < o 0 -I—' 0 _0 o ■4— i 0 0 0 0 CO 3 b 4— -4—> o 0 g ’0 o -4—' o _0 LU "0 0 0 b "0 -4—> 'g) b 1 LU Q Q _0 Q_ 0 b 0 0 '■ 4 —> 0 O 4 — _0 "0 ■ 4 —> 0 0 o I Q O o _Q 0 .O -t—> O 0 CQ CO 3 b 4 — - 4 —> o 0 0 -4—> 0 '0 0 < 0 0 CO CD < 0 -4—> 0 0 o 0 g - 4 —> o 0 o o cr 0 M _g "o -4—> 0 o O _0 0 "0 O 0 0 0 _0 0 CT> 0 0 0 0 0 CL CO CO X 0 ~o £ CM 00 LO CD 00 CD 89 E88 Complete Vehicle Component Location Overview (RearView) 90 E88 Complete Vehicle Component Location Legend £ O ■ +-» (0 £ a x HI o TD CD cr o T3 =5 < "(0 3 o Q > CD CD CO CD -t—> CD CO I CO cr < o CO _0 "o -I—' 0 o o 0 _o "■4—> o CD -i—' o Q_ b > _o "o cr i o o cr CD -i—> CO >, CO CL O H ■a 0 ^ F O) £= d CD -t —> i=j co CD CD CO CD “0 0 CD 'P -t—' ~r CD O O) — CD 3 0 _Z o . 2 < 'CD _0 =5 “0 o CD CD CO _CO a3 > Q < CO CD O o 0 o "-4—> CD O O o CD O i o o o o -i—> 0 o o 0 o 'co CO CO 0 CD ■4—' g "c o ■4—> o _0 LU CO o LU CD -t—' CO _0 o _0 o -4—> CO 0 o o D) _c b CD -4—' CO N CO _0 =5 ■0 o 0 o o cr CD _c b CD •4—> CO 0 > -4—> o < < X a> "D £ 00 CM ^r CM LO CM CD CM CM 00 CM a> CM o 00 00 CM 00 £ o ■ +■> (0 £ ro a x hi _0 =5 "a o E -4—> 0 4— 0 0 0 CD 6 CO o < _0 =5 “0 o CL LU _0 =5 ~o o o o _0 JO -4—> 0 > c o o > O o ■4—' 0 o O _o "■4—> 0 E _0 i 3 o H o ■4—' 0 o O 0 o 0 0 0 b 0 CL o o CL 0 ) 0 b -4—> '0 o 0 0 0 0 Q_ i 0 F co CL I- co ZD O 4— ■4—> o 0 _0 0 0 ■4—> CO _0 0 “a o _0 '0 H < 0 0 0 o o < 4-J b o o 0 0 0 0 _0 o Q O O O O 0 g '0 o -4—> o _0 LU 0 0 '0 0 0 "0 - 4 —> '0 b 1 LU Q 0 0 o o CO 0 -4—> 0 >> 0 0 0 "-4—> 0 0 > 0 X m -Q £ CM 00 LO CD 00 CD O CM CM CM CM £ O ■ +■» (0 £ J 2 a x LLI o -4—> 0 o O - 4 —» !q 0 -1—' CO 0 0 0 Q O CO Q CO z> b 4— -4—' o 2 0 o CL "0 g '0 0 _0 o 0 E o -4—> o _0 LU 1 CO CL LU 0 - 4 —> 0 >> CO 0 0 0 o o < 0 o 00 CO < o 0 -I—' 0 _0 o ■4— i 0 0 0 0 CO 3 b 4— -4—> o 0 g ’0 o -4—' o _0 LU "0 0 0 b "0 -4—> 'g) b 1 LU Q Q _0 Q_ 0 b 0 0 '■ 4 —> 0 O 4 — _0 "0 ■ 4 —> 0 0 o I Q O o _Q 0 .O -t—> O 0 CQ CO 3 b 4 — - 4 —> o 0 0 -4—> 0 '0 0 < 0 0 CO CD < 0 -4—> 0 0 o 0 g - 4 —> o 0 o o cr 0 M _g "o -4—> 0 o O _0 0 "0 O 0 0 0 _0 0 CT> 0 0 0 0 0 CL CO CO X 0 ~o £ CM 00 LO CD 00 CD 91 E88 Complete Vehicle